Concept of Semantic Web and Its Indexing Mechanism

Authors

  • ela kumar Associate Professor Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida,India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37591/joadms.v1i1.18

Abstract

The present paper discusses various aspects of Semantic web. The semantic web is a tool of retrieving information for web on the basis of semantics conveyed by keywords. The semantic web has an improved system of information storage where the meaning and associated words of a keywords are also stored. The indexing mechanism of for retrieval of information is improved than normal keyword based search. In this paper the indexing mechanism of semantic web is also discussed.

Keywords: Semantic web, synonymy, metadata, indexing mechanism, automatic
knowledge sharing, search engine.

Author Biography

  • ela kumar, Associate Professor Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida,India
    Bio-Data Dr.(Mrs.)Ela Kumar Associate Professor, School of Information and Communication Technology, Gautam Buddha University,Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar-201 308,(U.P.). Phone:+91-9873426162 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Professional Qualification: • Ph. D. (Computer Science and Technology) from University of Delhi, in 2003. (Topic: Design and Development of Pronominal Anaphora Resolution System). • M. Tech (Computer Science & Technology) from IIT Roorkee in 1990. • B.E. (Electronics & Communication) from IIT Roorkee in 1988. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES (A) Awards won: • Selected for Rashtriya Gaurav Award by IIFS society in Nov 2010 for meritorious activities in the field of IT . (B) Member Advisory Board in Conference: • Member advisory board of conference “ Recent trends and Innovations in the mobile computing” held i n Aug 26-27, AITM Palwal. • Member advisory board and keynote speaker in the international conference “ Soft Computing tools “ held in Nov 272in the Advanced Institute of Technology. •Participated as keynote speaker in an international conference on “ Latest trends in software engineering” conducted by Birla Institute of technology, Noida, on 12 - 13 April, 2006. (C) Participation in Seminars as Speaker Participated in the following seminars as invited-speaker: • An International level seminar conducted by Linguistic Department, Delhi University, on “Language, mind and society”. • A seminar conducted by Linguistic Department, DelhiUniversity, on “Perception and Cognitive Recognition”. • A seminar conducted by BITS,Noida on “Recent Trends in Software Engineering”. • As eminar conducted by Linguistic Department, Delhi University, on “An Inference based Anaphora ResolutionAlgorithm”. (D) Participation as Panel Expert •Participated as expert for panel discussion on “Advanced Computer Architecture”for Interactive Radio Counselingon FM Channel "Gyan-Vani" on 1st, June, 2007, and 1stJuly, 2007. •Given Lecturers through teleconferencing on EDUSATon “Advanced Computer Architecture”on 10th January 2006 and 13th February 2006. (E) Participation as Expertfor Course Designing I had beenexpert in Course Designing Committee of Indira Gandhi National Open Universityfor following courses: • MCS 032: “Object Oriented Analysis and Design”for MCA, School of Computer and Information Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi. (ISBN 81-266-2127-3) •MCS 034: “Software Engineering”for MCA, School of Computer and Information Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi.(ISBN81-266-2168-0) •MCS 034:“Software engineering”MCA, School of Computer and Information Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi.(ISBN 81-266-2192-3) • MCS 036 : Lab Course of “ Object Oriented Analysis and Design ” for MCA, School of Comp uter and Information Sciences, IGNOU, Ne w Delhi . ( ISBN 81 - 266 - 2138 - 9 ) P UBLICATIONS (A) Research Papers in International Refereed Journal s ( 1 ) Kumar Ela , “ Certainty factor based analysis for measuring user satisfaction with search engine ” published in “ International Journal of Information Processing ” , Issue - 3, Vol . - 3, pp 39 - 44. (2) Kumar Ela , “ Spam and Anti - spam Techniques - A l o ok at Impacts ”, published in “ International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology ” , Dec ., 2009, pp23 - 29. (3) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ A Strategic Analysis of Search Engine Advertising in Web based - commerce ”, published in “ International Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC) ” , August , 2007, vol. 12, no.2 . (4) Kumar Ela , et e l “ Performance enhancement of MANET by packet buffering”, accepted for publication in the international journal of advancements in computing Technology. (5) Kumar Ela, “ Anti trust rank , fighting with web spam” published in Internat ional journal of computer science and Information Technology, vol 8 Issue 1. (6 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ Fuzzy Based User Dependency Analysis of a Search Session with Search Engine ”, published in “ International Jou rnal of Information Science and Technology (JIST) ” , April - May 2008. (7 ) Kumar Ela , Singh Jasjit, “ Goal Driven Requirement Engineering Approach for designing of data ware - house ” , p ublished in the „ International journal of Information Processing ‟ , Feb . – Mar ., 2005. (8 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ Certainty Factor Based Analysis for Measuring Users Satisfaction with Search Engine ”, published in “ International Journal of Information Processing ” ,July - Aug 2008. (9 ) Kumar Ela , “Designing of Expert Search Engine for Web Environment” accepted for publication in “ International Journal of Information Processing, Malaysia ”. (8) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ A use case contextual model for Banking System ”, published in “ WISCT 2003, Mexico ”. (9) Kumar Ela , Arun Solanki, “ Development of expert system shell for Taxation Purpose ”, accepted for publication in “ International Journal of Computing, USA ” Feb., 2010. (B) Research Papers in National Journal s ( 10 ) Kumar Ela , Kaushik Saroj . “ P ronominal Referent Interpretation system for English Text ”, published in “ IETE Journal of research ” Jan . , 2003. (11) Kumar Ela , Kaushik Saroj et el “ Knowledge representation for Discourse Analysis ”, published in “ Journal of Language analysis ”, May 2001. ( 1 2 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ Exploring Vulnerabilities and Threats Arising with Popularity of Search Engine as a Major Internet Tool ”, “ Journal of Information and Technology, ICFAI ”, 2008. (1 3 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ Application of Reverse Engineering Approach for developing Search Engine friendly Web pages ”, “ ICFAI Journal of Information Technology ” , Dec ., 2007. (1 4 ) Kumar Ela, Gupta J.R.P. , “ Pronominal Anaphora Resolution Algorithm for English text ”, p ublished in the “ J ournal of Institution of Engineers ” , Nov ., 2003. (15) Kumar Ela , “ Designing the framework for Research Tools for the Analysis of Web Crawling of Data ”, published in “ SOCH Journal of Science and Technology ”, Vol. 4, pp 14 - 18, Dec., 2008. (C) Research Papers in International Conference s (1 6 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ Evolution of Interdependency Model based on Behavioral Analysis of User, Search Engine and Advertiser in Online Advertising ” . Proceedings of “ Innovations in Technology Conference, IEEE 2007 ” , Dubai . Indexed in IEEE Explore. (1 7 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ Mathematical Modelling of SRIRE Approach to Develop Search Engine Friendly Websites ” . In the “ Third International Conference on Information Systems Technology and Management ”. Paper is indexed in Springers lecture notes series, published by Springer Publications 2008. (1 8 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ Development of User acceptability Model of Search Engine ” . In the “ ISDIS 2008, International Conference on Global Decision Making ” , IMT , G h aziabad. (1 9 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ D evelopment of Intelligent User Behavior Based Adaptive Rule Based System ” . Proceedings of “ Innovations in Technology Conference, IEEE 2008 ” , Dubai . Indexed in IEEE Explore. ( 20 ) Kumar Ela , “ Q uantitativ e Dependency Analysis of User, Search Engine and Advertiser Behavior ” . In the “ WWW/Internet 2007, Conference by International Association for the Development of Information Society (IADIS) ”, Portugal . www.internet - conf.org (2 1 ) Kumar Ela , Tyagi Sunita, “ Bluetooth technology: an analysis of its role in Library and Information sciences ” . P ublished in “ International Conference on Information Processing ”. Sin gapore , May, 2008. (2 2 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ Certainty Factor Based Analysis for Mea suring Users Satisfaction with Search Engine ”, Published in “ International Conference on Information processing (ICIP’2008) ” , Banglore. (2 3 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ Use of Search Engine in Insurance Sector ”. A ccepted for publication in “ ICSE 2010 conference ” organized by University of MACAU, China . ( 24 ) Kumar Ela , Arun Solanki, “ Online query submission for deep web in specific domain ” , published in “ International C onference on C omputer E ngineering and Technology ” , Chengdu, Sichuan, C hina , in 2010 . (D) Research P apers in National Conference s (2 5 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti “ Application of Reverse Engineering Approach for dev eloping Search Engine friendly e - commerce portals ” . Proceedings of “ International Conference on Information Science, Technology and Management (CISTM’08) ” , IIT Delhi, www.cistm.org . (2 6 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ Diversification of Online Business through effective use of Search Engine ” . Proceedings of the “ 5th Annual Conference on Information Science, Technology and Management (CISTM ’07) ”, Hyderabad 16 - 18, 2007 . www.cistm.org (2 7 ) Kumar Ela , Kaushik Saroj, Moinuddin , “ Analysis of reference in Text and Discourse ” . Published in “ International Conference on Cognitive systems ” , Delhi, 1998. (2 8 ) Kumar Ela , Kaushik Saroj, Moinuddin “ A t ruely interactive variable i nit i ative Natural language interface ” . Published in “ International Conference on Cognitive Systems ” , Delhi, 1998. (29 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ Design of a t hematic bidirectional Parser ”, published in “ International Conference on Cognitive System s ”, Delhi, 1999. (30 ) Kumar Ela , Sh a rma R.C. , “ Empirical studies on Discourse analysis ” published in “ Internatio n al Conference on Computer Systems ” 1999. (31 ) Kumar Ela , Sharma R.C. , “ A new knowledge representation for implicit anaphora resolution ” presented in a “ national level seminar conducted by Department of Linguistics ” , Delh i University in 2005. ( 32 ) Kumar Ela , Ravinder Nath Rajotia “ Network aware routing protocol for MANET ”, published in “ IEEE explore conference on Advanced Computing ” , Delhi, Mar 6 – 7, 2009. (3 3 ) Kumar Ela , “ Development of an Expert system Shell for Insurance Sector ” published in “ Insurance Chronicle Magazine ” , Nov2009 issue, ICFAI U niversity , Hyderabad. (34 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ Development of a Fuzzy Based User Satisfaction model of a Search Session with Search Engine ”, in second „ N ational C onference on Mathematical techniques: Emerging Paradigms for electronics and IT Industries (mateit - 2008) ‟ , Delhi University, sponsored by UGC, IEEE Delhi chapter. (3 5 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ Exploring Vulnerabilities of Threat to e - Commerce with Popularity of Search engine ”. Proceedings of the 2nd „ National Confe rence; INDIACom - 2008 Computing for Nation Development ‟ , Feb ., 8 – 9, 2008 . (3 6 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ E xploring suitability of search engines in evolution of Indian Online Advertising Industry ‟. Proceeding of Growth in India in 21st Century, BIT Kolkata. (37 ) Kumar Ela , Kohli Shruti, “ Technological Revolution in Advertising - Emergence of Online Advertisi ng with Search Engines ”, published in „ Ad - Impact Conference - 07 ‟, BIT Noida. (3 8 ) Kumar Ela , Tyagi Sunita, “ Recent trends in Library Management System ” , presented in the “ national conference on Information technology ” , Feb 3 - 5, 2009, New Delhi. (3 9 ) Kumar Ela , Jyoti Pruthi “ Spam and Anti - Spam Measures : A look at Imp a ct s ”, published in “ I nternational C onference on R ecent T rends in S oft C omputing and Information Technology ” , Dec 2009. (E) Book s - Penned and Published Written four books on: 1. Artificial Intelligence A comprehensive text book for under graduate as well as pos t graduate level. Published by the publication house of “IK international”, New Delhi. 1 st edition in 2009. pp 4 75 . (ISBN 978 - 81 - 906566 - 6 - 5). 2. Multiple Choice Questions in Computer Science A reference book for various competitive examinations. Published by the publication house of “IK international”, New Delhi. 1 st edition in 2009. Pp 440 (ISBN - 81 - 906757 - 7 - 2). 3 . Information systems A text book for under graduate level. P ubl ished by “Galgotia publications”, New Delhi. (ISBN No. 81 - 7515 - 580 - 9) . 4. Natural Language Processing A text book written for post graduate level as well as for research purposes. Published by the pub lication house of “IK international”, New Delhi. 1 st edition in 20 11 . Pp 202 (ISBN - 93 - 80578 - 77 - 4 ). (G) Advanced Study Course Material Written advance study course material on : 1. “ Advanced Computer Architecture ” under CNANCE scheme of AICTE . 2. “ Fundamentals of Data Communication & Networking ” under CNANCE scheme of AICTE . Written following Cour se material for MCA Program mes of I ndira G andhi N ational O pen U niversity : 3. “ Elements of parallel computing and Architecture ” (ISBN - 978 - 81 - 266 - 8) for MCA Vth semester. 4. “ Advanced Parallel Computing ” (ISBN - 978 - 81 - 281 - 3) for MCA Vth semester . 5. “ Parallel Algorithms & Parallel Programming ” (ISBN - 978 - 81 - 266 - 281 ), and 4 t opics on “ Parallel Computing ” (ISBN – 978 - 81 - 266 - 281 - 5), for MCA Vth semester , on Parallel Computing . 6. “ Overview of Software Engineering ” (ISBN – 81 - 266 - 2191 - 5) for MCA Vth semester on Software engineering. 7. “ Object Oriented Programming ” (ISBN – 81 - 253 - 2723 - 5) for MCA 3 rd semester. (H) S olutions of Technical Books Provided solution of all unsolved questions of the book on “ Computer Organization ” written by V. Hamacher , for a US based Company „Cramster Inc‟. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES (A) Supervision of Research Candidates Supervising following research candidates: 1. Ms. Shruti Kohli , ( Thesis submitted and under evaluat ion ) Topic of research: Designing of f ramework for intelligent inf ormation retrieval using search e ngine optimization . 2. Mr. Ravindernath Rajotia , Topic of research : Designing of always an alternate route protocol in the area of mobile a dhoc networks . 3. Mr Arun Solanki, RA / FA SICT, Gautam Buddha University. Topic of Research “ Design and Development of an Expert system Shell for Horticulture Sector”. 4. Mr. Nirupam Das, Asstt prof, ITM Gurgaon Topic of Research” Development of a deep web search engine” 5. Ms. Jyoti, Asstt Prof, JSS Academy, Noida Topic of research: development of a new algorithm for search engine optimization. (B) About my Ph.D work My rese arch work is in the area of Natural Language Processing. (Subarea : pragmatic discourse analysis). In this work I have developed an algorithm for “Pronominal Anaphora Resolution” for English text. It i s implemented in C++ and a prototype working system (PARS : Pronominal Anaphora Resolution System ) i s developed base d on this algorithm which is able to resolve third person pronominal anaphora. The system i s tested for English inputs and work s well. (C) About my M.Tech dissertation The title of M.Tech. Dissertation is “ Parallel Evaluation of Supercombinator Program on a Data Flow Machine ”. My dissertation work is in the area of Parallel and Functional Programming. In this dissertation , I have developed a parallel code for supercombinator program and designed it s packet based evaluation scheme on a G - machine which is based on data flow architecture. ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES (A) Teachin g 1. May 15, 2009 onwards : working as A ssociate P rofessor , in School of I nformation and C ommunication T echnology, Gautam Buddha University , Greater Noida, Gautam Buddh a Nagar - 201308 (U . P.) (Responsibilities of last 6 months) (i) Chairperson , centre for Artificial Intelligence (ii) Member purchase committee for procuring equipments at school level (v) Member board of studies (vi) O/C telephones of Gautam Buddha University 2. Oct ., 2005 to April 2006 (on lien) : worked as R eader , S chool of C omputer and I nformation S ciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University , Maidan Garhi , New Delhi. 3. April 2006 to May 2009: worked as Assistant Professor / Associate Professor ( since Jan 2007) in Computer Engg. Dept., YMCA University of Engineering and Technology, Faridabad. (H aryana ) 4. January 1994 to Oct. 200 5: work ed as L ecturer / Sr Lecturer / Lecturer Selection grade in Computer Engg . Dept . , YMCA University of Engineering and Technology , Faridabad (H aryana ) 5. February 1993 to December 1993 : worked as L ecturer in Computer Engg . Dept . , Priyadarshini College of Computer Sciences , New Delhi. 6. January 1991 to February 1993 : worked as lecturer in Electronics and Instrumentation Engg deptt. , Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology , Jhansi . (U . P.) (B) Courses T aught at M. Tech. L evel Taught F ollowing courses to M. Tech. students . • Artificial Intelligence . • Knowledge B ased S ystem D esign . • Advanced Computer Architecture . • Computer Graphics . • System Programming • Soft Computing Techniques • Software Engineering • Data Communication (C) Courses Taught at B. Tech. Level Teaching B. Tech Classes since January 199 1. Taught almost all subjects at B.Tech. level to different Batches: (D) Projects Guided : Guided 23 projects / dissertation of M.Tech / M.Phil students. (E) Refresher Course s Attended Attended following short term courses to improve skills / Knowledge. • “ Improving Teaching skills ”, conducted by Academic Staff College, AMU Aligarh. • “ Design & Experiments in Power Electronics ” conducted by TTTI Chandigarh . • “ Energy Conversion & Management ” conducted by Centre of Energy studies, IIT Delhi. • “ Instrumentation & Data Analysis ” conducted by Department of Applied mechanics, IIT Delhi. • “ Logic Programming and programming in PROLOG ” conducted by IIT Delhi. • “ IT applications in Management” Conducted by NITIE Bombay. • “Latest Teaching trends in Open and Distance learning ” conducted by STRIDE Indira Gandhi National Open Univeristy, New Delhi. • “ Emerging Issues in Finance ” by Birla Institute of Management Tec hnology, New Delhi. (F) Membership of Professional Bodies I am life member of following professional bodies : • Institution of Engineers, Kolkata, INDIA. • Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers, New Delhi. o Indian Society for Technical Education, New Delhi. o Nominated Member of Selection Committee constituted by MDU, Rohtak. (G) Membership of academic bodies o Member board of studies of Maharishi University Rohtak o Member board of studies, EIILM university. o Member Board of studies, School of ICT , Gautam Buddha University. o Nominated expert member of National level professional bodies of Institution of engineers for academic purposes. (H) Shorted T erm C ourse C onducted • Conducted One week / two Week courses on word - star, C ++, dbase etc. for stenographers in YMCA Institute of Engineering , Faridabad . • Conducted a one week course on “ Applications of IT awareness in Teaching staff of Secondary Schools” under community development scheme of world bank aid in YMCA IE Faridabad. • Organized one day workshop on “ Impact of Information Technology on Indian Society” on 22March 2011. • Organised one expert lecture on “ Regulations in Indian Broadcasting sector and TRAI‟s Role in it.” On 2 nd April 2011, in SICT. ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITIES I performed different administrative activities , along with regular teaching, at various levels during my stint as teacher, spanning around 20 years till now. Some of these are mentioned below: • Per formed the duty of examination superintendent for B.Tech / M. Tech semester exam inations, conducted by MDU 5 times since December 2005 . • Worked as overall in - charge of AIEEE online Counseling for B.Tech admissions in YMCAIE, Faridabad. • Worked as officiating D eputy R egistrar in Bundelkhand Engineering College, Jhansi. • Worked as Warden girls ‟ Hostel in YMCA Institute of Engineering, Faridabad. • Performed the duties of time table in - charge, lab in - charge, setting up of Network lab, course c oordinator, syllabus formation for B . T ech. and M. Tech. c ourses. • Working as Office incharge teleph one in Gautam Buddha University. EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES o Won district carom championship in year 2004 conducted by Faridabad Carom association. • Won university chess championship consecutively for four years. • Awarded as best ranger for the year 1987 at university level. Personal Profile: Date of birth : 03 - 02 - 19 68 Marital Status : Married Husband‟s Name : Mr. Milind Kumar Nationality : Indian

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K. Pfleger, O. Sercinoglu, and S. Tong. Information retrieval based on historical data, Mar. 2005. US Patent Application number 20050071741.

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“World Telecommunication Indicators 2004/2005”, ITU.

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Published

2014-02-25

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2014)

Section

Review Articles

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