Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

A Survey on Various Layers of Wireless Sensor Networks

Priyanka Handa, Balwinder Singh Sohi

Abstract


A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of one or more sinks and large number of sensor nodes scattered in an area. WSNs have a tremendous potential to improve the efficiency of many systems, for instance, in building automation, Military applications, environment monitoring and process control. Recent advances in wireless communications and electronics have enabled the development of low-cost, low-power, self-organizational, multifunctional wireless sensor networks. WSNs have some problems to be overcome, for example, energy-conservation, congestion control, reliability data dissemination, security, and management of a WSN itself. These problems often involve in one or several layers top-down from application layer to physical layer. In this paper WSN applications and challenges are discussed. In this paper a survey of WSNs layers is presented and open research issues of each layer are also discussed.

 

Cite this Article
Bakhtiyar F. Hashmi, Kunal J. Raut. Composite Specimens Thermomechanical Analysis using Infrared Thermography. Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology (TMET). 2015; 6(2): 1–9p.


Keywords


Wireless sensor network, application layer, transport layer, network layer, data link layer, medium access control, physical layer

Full Text:

PDF

References


Akyildiz IF, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, et al. Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey, Elsevier, Comput Netw. 2002; 38: 393–422p.

Jamal N AL-Karaki, Ahmed E. Kamal, Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey. IEEE Wireless Communications, 2005; 11(6): 11: 6–28p.

Kemal Akkaya, Mohamed Younis, A Survey on Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks, Elsevier, Ad Hoc Networks 2003; 3(2005): 325–349p.

Matthew Holland, Tianqi Wang, Bulent Tavli, et al. Optimizing Physical Layer Parameters for Wireless Sensor Networks, ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 2009, 1–23p.

Abdelmalik Bachir, Mischa Dohler, Thomas Watteyne, et al. MAC Essentials for Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Second Quarter 2010, 12(2).

Demirkol I, Ersoy C, Alagoz F, MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey, IEEE Communications Magazine, April 2001; 44(4): 115–121p.

Ye W, Heidemann J, Estrin D, An Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks, in Proceedings of the IEEE Infocom, New York, USA, 2002, 1567–1576p.

Ali Mahmood, Annette Böhm, Jonsson Magnus, Wireless Sensor Networks for Surveillance Applications – A Comparative Survey of MAC Protocols, Proceeding ICWMC '08 of the 2008 The Fourth International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications, IEEE Computer Society Washington, DC, USA 2008, 399-403p.

Akkaya K, Younis M, An Energy-aware QoS Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, 2003, 710–715p.

Akkaya K, Younis M, Energy and QoS Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks. J Clust Comput. 2005; 8(2-3): 179–188p.

Sumathi R, Srinivas MG, A Survey of QoS Based Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks, J Inf Process Syst. 2012; 8(4): 589–602p.

Jinming Chen, Xiaobing Wu, Guihai Chen. REBAR: A Reliable and Energy Balanced Routing Algorithm for UWSNs, Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing, State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, 2009.

Su Liu, Yan Tang, Yonghua Liu, A Survey of Transport Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks, Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet), 2012 2nd International Conference on, IEEE, Yichang, 2012, 2338–2341p.

Chonggang Wang, Kazem Sohraby, Yueming Hu, et al. Issues of Transport Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE Networks, 2006.

Schaarl M, Shankar S, Cross-layer Wireless Multimedia Transmission: Challenges, Principles and New Paradigms, Proceedings: IEEE Wireless Communications, 2005.

Jussi Haapola, Zach SheIby, Carlos Pomalaza-Riez, et al. Cross-layer Energy Analysis of Multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks, Conference: Wireless Sensor Networks, Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Source: IEEE Xplore, 2005.

Prathap U, Deepa Shenoy P, Venugopal KR, Wireless Sensor Networks Applications and Routing Protocols: Survey and Research Challenges, Cloud and Services Computing (ISCOS), 2012 International Symposium IEEE, 2012, 49–56p.

Saradhi Chava Vijaya, Subramaniam, Suresh, Physical Layer Impairment Aware Routing (PLIAR), In WDM Optical Networks: Issues and Challenges, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 11(4): fourth quarter 2009.

Ilker Demirkol, Cem Ersoy, Fatih Alagöz, MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey, IEEE Communications Magazine, April 2006, 115–121p.

Jing Zhao, Lei Wang, Suran Li, et al. A Survey of Congestion Control Mechanisms in Wireless Sensor Networks, Proceeding, IIH-MSP '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, IEEE, Washington, DC, USA, 2010, 719–722p.

Josip Balen, Drago Zagar, Goran Martinovic, Quality of Service in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey and Related Patents, Recent Patents Comput Sci. 2011; 4: 188–202p.

Long Zhaohua, Su Meijun, Quality of Service in Wireless Sensor Networks, Information Engineering and Computer Science (ICIECS), 2nd International Conference on, IEEE, Wuhan, 2010, 1–4p.

Goldsmith AJ, Wicker SB, Design Challenges for Energy-Constrained Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, IEEE Wireless Communications, 2002; 9(4): 1–22p.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


This site has been shifted to https://stmcomputers.stmjournals.com/